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تاريخ الإسلام والأنبياء والصحابة
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تاريخ الإسلام والأنبياء والصحابة
معركة الريدانية (انتقال الخلافة إلى إسطنبول)
50,000 Ottoman veterans with field cannons and matchlocks — Sultan Selim outflanked the fixed Egyptian artillery by marching around Mount Mokattam.
Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha and several thousand troops killed in combat
25,000 Mamluk cavalry and entrenched fixed artillery
Total defeat of Mamluk forces; Cairo taken; Tuman Bay captured after courageous guerrilla resistance
Tuman Bay established fixed artillery fortifications at Raydaniyyah. Selim I learned of their positions and performed a masterly flanking maneuver around Mount Mokattam, attacking the Mamluk positions from the rear where their stationary cannons could not turn. Tuman Bay led a desperate cavalry charge directly targeting Selim, killing Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha mistaking him for the Sultan.
Outflanking the immovable Mamluk artillery positions from the rear.
Tuman Bay's heroic personal charge slaying the Grand Vizier.
Sharif Barakat of Makkah dispatched keys of the Holy Sanctuaries; Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil III transferred the Burdah and sword to Selim.
Sultan Selim I assumed the revered title Khadim al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn (Servant of the Two Holy Sanctuaries of Makkah and Madinah); the Ottoman Sultans became the supreme Caliphs of the Sunni Muslim world for the next 407 years (until 1924).
Detailed eyewitness description of the fall of Cairo and the bravery of Tuman Bay.
Documentation of the sacred relics (Amanat Muqaddasah) transferred to Topkapi Palace.
معركة مرج دابق
Decisive Ottoman victory; ended Mamluk rule in Syria; opened the Levant and Jerusalem peacefully to Ottoman administration.
معركة موهاج الخالدة
Total destruction of the Hungarian royal army in less than two hours; brought Central Europe, Buda (Budapest), and the Danube basin under Ottoman suzerainty for 150 years.
فتح القسطنطينية المجيد (فتح الفتوح العثماني)
Broke the supposedly impregnable 1,100-year Theodosian Walls; ended the Byzantine Roman Empire; transformed Constantinople into the imperial capital Istanbul.