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تاريخ الإسلام والأنبياء والصحابة
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تاريخ الإسلام والأنبياء والصحابة
معركة مرج دابق
60,000 Ottoman troops with advanced mobile artillery and Janissaries — Ottoman superior artillery and disciplined musketry outmatched traditional medieval cavalry warfare.
1,500 casualties
40,000 elite Mamluk heavy cavalry and Arab/Turkmen auxiliaries
Heavy Mamluk casualties; Sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri died on the battlefield of a stroke/injury
The Mamluk cavalry executed a ferocious opening charge that pushed back the Ottoman left wing. However, the Ottoman Janissary infantry formed an unyielding wall with matchlock firearms and coordinated cannon salvos. When Mamluk general Khayr Baq defected, panic spread through the Mamluk ranks, and the aged Sultan Al-Ghawri collapsed.
Classic heavy cavalry charge threatening the Ottoman flanks.
Janissary musketry and artillery fire shattered the cavalry charges.
Selim I entered Aleppo and Damascus peacefully as sovereign protector.
Transferred custody of Jerusalem and the Levant to the Ottoman State for the next four centuries, ushering in the golden architectural and administrative era of the Syrian provinces.
Detailed narrative of the fall of Sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri at Marj Dabiq.
معركة جالديران الخالدة
Decisive Ottoman victory through disciplined firearms and artillery; established Ottoman control over Eastern Anatolia and northern Iraq.
معركة الريدانية (انتقال الخلافة إلى إسطنبول)
Ended the Mamluk Sultanate; incorporated Egypt and the Hejaz; Sharif of Makkah surrendered the keys to the Ka'bah; Caliphate transferred to the Ottoman Sultans.
فتح القسطنطينية المجيد (فتح الفتوح العثماني)
Broke the supposedly impregnable 1,100-year Theodosian Walls; ended the Byzantine Roman Empire; transformed Constantinople into the imperial capital Istanbul.